Abstract Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is present in several clinical conditions, and its clinical impact and prognosis in cardiology has been more studied in recent years. In oncology, some studies have tried to determine the role of RVD in cardiotoxicity caused by some therapies including anthracyclines, trastuzumab, cyclophosphamide and dasatinib. In the present study, we made a literature review on the subject, trying to highlight the challenges for the coming years.