Abstract The concept of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has undergone profound changes with the advent of cardiogenomics and the increase in knowledge about the sarcomeric structure and the mutations that lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this review article, we address the state of the art in terms of diagnosis, contemplating the genetic heart diseases responsible for differential diagnoses of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, known as phenocopies, which are a major challenge in clinical practice. We also discuss the current evidence that guides treatment.

Abstract Cardiac tumors are considered rare clinical entities and can affect any cardiac tissue. Metastatic (secondary) cardiac tumors are more frequently diagnosed than primary tumors (malignant or benign). Both types can cause valve and/or inflow and outflow tract obstructions in any cardiac chamber, leading to symptoms of heart failure, as well as embolization and arrhythmia. Treatment of benign tumors is usually surgical, and that of metastatic and primary malignant tumors will depend on their origin and type, with poor prognosis. […]

Abstract Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is highly prevalent in Brazil and worldwide. However, the recent diagnostic criteria for this condition are complex and difficult to apply in the Brazilian health system. This review proposes adapting the modern diagnostic criteria to the needs of each patient, from the primary care to the most complex one, using a system of three steps of complexity and highlighting the importance of searching specific disease etiology.