Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is a clinical diagnosis of a condition that develops secondary to either left ventricular systolic or diastolic functions. Lately, inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) have been added to the list of drugs used in the management of HF. Objectives To compare the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors to traditional treatment in hospitalization and death for HF. Methods Relevant databases were searched for articles published until October 2023. Out of 24 nonduplicated screened studies, 11 studies […]

Abstract A small number of drugs have been responsible for major advances in medical practice throughout history, for instance, the discovery of penicillin, insulin, aspirin, and statins. Diabetes treatment began with parenteral insulin, discovered by Banting and Bet approximately a century ago; since then, several classes of oral medications that improve glycemic control have been developed and become available for widespread use. More recently, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors have emerged, with a surprising impact and effect on the treatment of patients […]

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a progressive condition, characterized by variable periods of symptomatic stability frequently interrupted by episodes of A worsening condition. These moments of clinical deterioration have been recognized as a distinct phase in the course of HF and indicate a considerably worse prognosis. Preventing readmissions of patients with HF is a growing priority for medical providers, researchers, and healthcare managers. Although evidence-based therapies for treating patients with HF have increased, consistent implementation of these therapies and the […]

Abstract Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common condition of heart failure (HF) in patients over 65 years of age and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological data on this condition are still scarce in Brazil and these data are relevant for a better understanding of the impact and unmet needs in HFpEF and for the planning of actions to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. The objective of the study was […]

Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome affecting more than 10% of the population older than 70 years of age, with a great impact on morbidity and mortality., HF is traditionally divided into three categories based on the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF): HF with reduced EF (EF<40%; HFpEF), HF with intermediate EF (EF between 40% and 49%; HFiEF) and HF with preserved EF (EF>50%; HFpEF). HFpEF represents nearly half of HF cases in developed countries; its pathophysiology […]