Abstract The diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) can be challenging and diagnostic scores have been proposed to help in the diagnostic process. This article reviews these scores to provide insights on their role and interpretation in clinical practice. To date, two scores have been validated for the diagnosis of HFpEF. The H2FPEF includes clinical – obesity, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, age – and echocardiographic data – pulmonary hypertension and E/e’ ratio. The HFA-PEFF uses multiple echocardiographic parameters […]

Abstract Cardiac remodeling is generally an adverse sign linked to the progression of heart failure (HF). However, in remodeled hearts, reverse remodeling is an important sign of cardiac recovery associated with a better prognosis. Ejection fraction may improve spontaneously following resolution of the processes that promote cardiac dilatation. In HF with reduced ejection fraction, treatment with neurohormonal blockade is an important strategy to promote improvements in ejection fraction. Improved ejection fraction can identify recovered patients with a better prognosis. In […]