ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop 2022; 2(2): 214-217
When to Suspect Advanced Heart Failure in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction?
Miguel Morita Fernandes-Silva
, Fabiana G. Marcondes-Braga
Advanced heart failure (HF) accounts for almost 15% of patients with HF, and it has been defined as “the presence of progressive and/or persistent severe symptoms despite optimal guideline-directed management regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).”1,2 Although patients with advanced HF are thought to usually present with severely reduced LVEF, it should be noted that the definition of advanced HF does not require low LVEF. Indeed, more than half of patients with advanced HF have LVEF above 40%, with all-cause mortality similar to those with LVEF below 40%.2 Identifying patients with advanced HF is important in order to refer them to proper management, including heart transplantation, mechanical circulatory support, or palliative care. But when should we suspect advanced HF when the LVEF is preserved?
[…]
Keywords: Advanced Heart Failure; Ejection Fraction; Heart Failure
353
